Atrail Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect is a hole in the wall or septum between the left atrium and right atrium. This usually results from a congenital or birth defect and if large will cause mixing of blood across the defect. This can cause symptoms such as breathlessness. The defect can be repaired by suturing directly or closing with a patch. The heart lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass) is again essential for this type of surgery. Also, cover the following treatments :

- Open-heart surgery.
- Angiographies.
- Angioplasties.
- Pediatric cardiac surgery.